Jul 9, 2021
Episode 16: Weatherby Mark V Rifle
Necessity is the mother of invention. For Roy
Weatherby, wounding an animal on a hunt, sparked a flame of
innovation that would revolutionize the world of fast-moving rifle
rounds. His story is one of wild cat cartridge development, that
pushed the envelope of what was thought possible at the time. His
rifles had a ‘California in the 50’s’ flare with high gloss finish
and distinct stock lines. His quest to build the strongest rifle
action ever produced would give rise to one of America's iconic
rifles. This is 10 Minutes on Roy Weatherby and the Weatherby Mark
V.
The Weatherby story is actually a fitting follow-up to our focus on Sporterized rifles last week, but we will get to that. The story begins with the opening of a sporting goods store in South Gate, California. Roy’s resignation from his ‘regular job’ was a result of his love for shooting and desire to own and operate a high-end sporting goods store. He took the plunge in September of 1945, opening Weatherby Sporting Goods.
The original store housed sporting goods, but had a section devoted to his love of firearms manufacturing. In the early days, Weatherby’s became known in Los Angeles for having a gunsmith on staff. This early claim to fame and Roy’s involvement in the industry helped the Weatherby name grow. You see, Roy had been experimenting with firearms and dove headfirst into the fray in the early days, writing articles about his feelings on high velocity cartridges. During a hunting trip Roy had wounded a deer and the experience forever changed the course of his life. He began developing cartridges that would move bullets faster, believing that faster moving bullets would increase the shock and killing power of the round.
Roy spent considerable resources
building the firearms side of his business, including advertising
on a National Scale, and slowly begin to grow. Early on barrel and
stock manufacturing were part of the Weatherby business, upgrading
rifles to shoot the wildcat rounds he was developing. The early
years were not easy, but Roy’s tenacity and business acumen kept
the company moving forward. Not to mention that their proximity to
Hollywood would lend itself to Roy making friends with a who’s who
list of celebrities, dignitaries, generals, and politicians.
During the early years period, Weatherby was
making custom rifles, (Sporterizing if you will) and like other
gunmakers in the US, he was utilizing the actions that were
available to him. During the first 10 years or so of Weatherby
rifle production, guns were built on Winchester Model 70, Remington
700 and Springfield actions. Weatherby was buying barrels from
Ackley and Buhmiller and assembling his guns in his store. When
supplies of those actions dwindled, Weatherby turned to Fabrique
National(FN) of Belgium to produce suitable rifle actions, which
were imported to be finished by Weatherby
employees.
Costs were tremendous because
the process could not be streamlined, and Weatherby was a
businessman. He began early on to look for a production facility
that could produce a complete rifle at a reduced cost. During a
1954 trip to Europe, Roy searched at length for a manufacturer that
could make his vision possible. He visited Husqvarna in Sweden, BSA
in Birmingham, Shultz and Larsen in Denmark, and Sako in Finland.
It was during this trip that he commissioned Sako to build a number
of his FN-Weatherby rifles. In addition, Shultz and Larsen was
commissioned to build a number of .378 Weatherby rifles, for which
Roy had already taken orders.
His
next trip in 56 was met with disappointment, delays, and added
costs that only served to push his pet project at home. Roy had
been working on his own rifle action during this time. He was
convinced that he needed an action that would be the absolute
strongest possible. Roy and other wildcatters were hand loading and
creating their own rounds, playing with pressures above what the
standard rifles calibers of the day produced. Roy believed he
needed a rifle that would far exceed the 70,000 CUP (copper units
of pressure) that was accepted for other actions. It was during
these years that he produced several iterations of his own rifle
action. Roy reached out to a number of key people during this time,
finally obtaining the help of an engineer, Fred Jennie, and
subsequently produced the fifth and final iteration of his rifle.
With a bit of naming help from his friend Elgin Gates, the gun was
named the Mark V.
Early tests of the Mark V action proved out Roy’s theories. Though America doesn't have any standard proofing process, Weatherby conducted pressure tests in excess of 100,000 psi. Additionally, Weatherby lodged bullets in the bore of the rifle, and shot rounds down the barrels behind these stuck rounds. This is essentially the most dangerous scenario of backing up a round with another round. The Weatherby rifles passed all tests with flying colors.
The first Mark V actions were produced in California, at Precision Founders Inc. through a process of lost wax casting or investment casting. An order of 10,000 actions was placed in 1957. though production costs would quickly require Roy to again search for a new manufacturer abroad. The casting process, though of high quality and strength, could not produce an action free of small voids that showed clearly in the high gloss, high luster finishes that Weatherby had come to be known for. The rejection rate of 50% or more was not sustainable.
It was later in that year that Roy again traveled abroad, this time to J. P. Sauer in Germany, bringing with him his new Mark V rifle. This meeting and a subsequent two months of negotiations would solidify an agreement between the two firms. Though it took almost two years, by 1959 JP Sauer would have manufacturing up and running, regularly shipping Weatherby Rifles. This was the partnership that Roy had been searching for all along, and with manufacturing solidified, he could focus on the business at home.
Production of the Mark V remained in Germany for 13 years until rising costs necessitated another move, this time to Howa in Japan. Rifles were made there until 1994, when production was brought back to the states. Despite shifts in manufacturing, the Weatherby MK V action remained essentially the same throughout production, a testament to its design.
The MK V rifle is distinct. Its lines are rather different than many other sporting rifles, starting with the forward sloping monte carlo on the stock, and large accentuated cheek piece. The forends are capped, depending on the model, with darker color wood, set off by a white line spacer. As are the grip cap and recoil pad. This gives the gun a distinct two-tone feel reminiscent of those old two-tone cars of the 50s and 60s. The stock finish matches the action- both are high gloss.
When you pick one up, and operate the bolt, the next most obvious thing you notice is the bolt throw. Unlike most other rifles with a two lug locking system, the MK V has an interrupted thread locking mechanism. There are three ‘primary lugs’ as I would call them, which reduces the rotary motion required to free the lugs from their respective locking threads. With two lugs- a minimum of 90 degrees is required to turn free - like on a Winchester Model 12 shotgun or other interrupted thread take down guns. On the MK V bolt- with three primary lugs- one only has to travel 60 degrees to clear. In actuality, the MK V only requires 54 degrees, because of the way the three primary lugs are cut into three pieces each, resulting in 9 different locking contact surfaces.
As the bolt is rotated closed it cams forward locking the bolt face into battery. Once locked the round is captured by the bolt face, surrounded by the breech end of the barrel, which is in turn encased by the action. This three-ring configuration was touted by Weatherby and resulted in an incredibly strong rifle action.
Aside from quick cycling times, the short bolt throw lends itself to additional scope clearance. Because the bolt does not need to rotate so far, scopes can be mounted low and close to the bore of a Mark V - an added benefit to shooters.
The Mark V is a push feed rifle, much like the Remington 700. The bolt face is recessed and captures the entire case head, and contains the ejector and extractor. The fluted bolt body and locking lugs are the same diameter, lending themselves to smoother feeding- with the flutes allowing for less contact - ie less friction during a bolt cycle. In addition, there are three noticeable gas exit ports located on the bolt body, which in the case of a malfunction would allow gasses to escape from the side of the bolt and away from the shooter's face. The safety is a simple rocker mechanism located at the rear of the bolt, on a rounded and tapered shroud that mirrors the lines of the stock.
Of note, JP Sauer was producing hammer forged barrels, a relatively new process at the time, and Weatherby MK V rifles were the first on the American market to utilize these very accurate barrels in production.
As I mentioned the 9 lug Mark V has changed very little ove the years. There are several iterations of the rifle, the German/Sauer, Japan/Howa and finally, the USA made. As for Models, the guns were offered in a few flavors, depending on the intended use. Most had no sights, except for a few of the dangerous game calibers. All models have the characteristic monte carlo stock- wood or synthetic. A 6 lug version of the Mark V was introduced in the 60s and is now offered in non-magnum calibers- the Magnum Calibers remain in the original 9 lug design.
Today there are 18 different Mark V options on the Weatherby site, and custom shop options to boot, meaning that you can have a hand in the design of your rifle if you choose.
Roy Weatherby was a hands-on guy, spending his life devoted to his business, and to the development of his fast and flat rifle cartridges. Through tough times and prosperity, The Weatherby name has endured and Roy’s Mark V remains a benchmark against which other rifles can be compared.
If you want to know more about the Weatherby Story - pick up a copy of Weatherby The Man The Gun The Legend. The Weatherby story is a good one, and worth a read.